After I tried installing the "Information Server" as suggested in some knowledge base articles the problem still persisted. I tried to roll back an backup of the Database and the VM the software was installed but even that did not solve the issue for some reason, but probably the database backup was not far enough in the past...
...since there wasn't anything to lose anymore I uninstalled everything with "SolarWinds" in it to re-install using the latest NCM-Offline-Installer. During Installation I also selected IPAM and UDT as those are the software peaces I wanted to install. I used the same Database with the same settings as used in the previous install and NCM together with IPAM and UDT started working again with no settings lost.